Bombarderos italianos: Savoia-Marchetti
SM.79 Sparviero
Nacido como avión comercial para 8 pasajeros en 1934 de tres motores el Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero estrenó su nueva condición de bombardero medio con la Regia Aeroautica en 1937, durante la Guerra Civil española. También fue durante esta etapa cuando se probó como avión torpedero con un torpedo de 450 mm anclado bajo el fuselaje. Durante los siguientes tres años se desarrolló la idea del avión de torpedeo adoptándose al SM.79-II para tal fin, con equipos específicos para este tipo de ataques. Cuando Italia entró en la Segunda Guerra Mundial en junio de 1940 los Sparviero equipaban un total de 14 Stormi con base en Italia, Sicilia, Sardia y Libia. Desde entonces estuvieron constantemente en acción contra la navegación aliada, la primera de ellas llevada a cabo por 19 SM.79 de 9º y 46º Stormi contra navíos franceses en la costa Riviera entre el 13 y el 14 de junio.
Durante la invasión alemana de
Creta los Sparviero del 92º Gruppo y
los del 281º Squadriglia se
mantuvieorn muy activos atacando la navegación británica en el Mar Egeo. Tras
la captura de Creta la mayoría de estos aparatos fueron enviados a Libia para
apoyar las operaciones contra las fuerzas navales de la Royal Navy, sus convoyes en el Mediterráneo central y Malta. Entre
los barcos hundidos de la Royal Navy
por los SM.79 se encuentran los destructores HMS Husky, HMS Jaguar, HMS Legion y HMS Southwall, mientras que el acorazado HMS Malaya y los portaaviones HMS Indomable y
HMS Victorious
fueron alcanzados por sus torpedos. La mayoría de estos buques fueron
alcanzados durante la operación contra un convoy que zarpó con 14 mercantes
rumbo a Malta.
A pesar de ser un
avión muy útil el SM.79, al igual que muchos aparatos italianos, sufrió de
pobres instalaciones y condiciones de servicio de modo que era raro que incluso
la mitad de una unidad estuviera operativa. A pesar de todo el SM.79 fue
reconocido como uno de los mejores aviones torpederos del teatro del Mediterráneo
durante la guerra.
Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 del 41° Gruppo en vuelo de reconocimiento.
BORGIOTTI, A. “Il Savoia Marchetti S.M.79 Sparviero,
1933-1940: Progetto, collaudi, sviluppo militare, servizio nella Regia
aeronautica”
APOSTOLO, G. “Aircraft Profile No. 89: The Savoia Marchetti SM.79” Profile Publications, 1972
English
versión
Born as 8-passenger airliner in 1934 of three engines the Savoia-Marchetti
SM.79 Sparviero premiered its new status with the Regia medium bomber
Aeroautica in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. It was also during this
period when tested as a torpedo torpedo plane 450 mm anchored under the
fuselage. Over the next three years, developed the idea of adopting the
torpedo plane SM.79 - II for this purpose, with specific equipment for this
type of attack . When Italy entered the Second World War in June 1940 the
Sparviero outfitting a total of 14 Stormi based in Italy, Sicily, Sardia and
Libya. Since then were constantly in action against Allied shipping , the first
one carried out by 19 SM.79 9th and 46th Stormi against French ships in the
Riviera coast between 13 and 14 June.
During the German invasion of Crete 's Sparviero 92° Gruppo and 281° Squadriglia was very active mantuvieorn attacking British shipping in the Aegean Sea. After the capture of Crete most of these devices were sent to Libya to support operations against the naval forces of the Royal Navy, its convoys in the central Mediterranean and Malta. Among the ships sunk by SM.79 destroyers are HMS Husky, HMS Jaguar, HMS Legion y HMS Southwall, while the battleship HMS Malaya and the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable and HMS Victorious were hit by torpedoes. Most of these vessels were made during the operation against a convoy of 14 merchantmen sailed towards Malta.
Despite being a very useful plane SM.79, like many Italians devices suffered from poor facilities and conditions of service so it was odd that even half of a unit was operational. Despite all the SM.79 was recognized as one of the finest torpedo bombers of the Mediterranean theater during the war
SM. 79 of 252º Squadriglia B.T., 104º Gruppo, 46º Stormo
SM. 79 of 211º Squadriglia, 50º Gruppo, 16º Stormo Bombardamento terrestre, 6º Divisione Aera "Falco"
Sources:
BORGIOTTI, A. “Il Savoia Marchetti S.M.79 Sparviero,
1933-1940: Progetto, collaudi, sviluppo militare, servizio nella Regia
aeronautica”
APOSTOLO, G. “Aircraft Profile No. 89: The Savoia Marchetti
SM.79” Profile Publications, 1972
81 S.M. model, Pipistrello (bat) was a very good transport aircraft.
ResponderEliminarOriginal bomber, took part in the Abyssinian war in 1935.
1939, it was already completely obsolete war machine.
The strength in 1939 was 312 aircraft, okay 146 pieces.
German TransportGruppe used the machine happy.
S. M. the double conveyor of cargo, 45% higher speed and further from 50% biggest cargo, like 52 ju machine.
1943 German-controlled territory was also a lot of the Italian Air Force aircraft.
June 1944, S. M. Hosts (79, 81, 82, 90, 75, 95 type), total 195 pieces.
July 1944, S. M. 233 machines.
So S.M. machine became head of the Luftwaffe transport aircraft throughout the war.
Luftwaffe transport aircraft had a total of 629 aircraft, and SM machines were 27% luftwaffe transport.