Fortificaciones japonesas en el Pacifico.
Desde 1909 los manuales militares japoneses hablaban de la importancia de la doctrina ofensiva como medio para lograr la victoria. Sin embargo en la guerra del Pacifico los japoneses librarían una serie de batalla defensivas para mantener en su poder las numerosas islas ocupadas durante su periodo de expansión territorial.
El manual del US Army (Handbook on Japanese Military Forces) describe la actitud de los japoneses en la defensa;
“The defensive from of combat generally has been distasteful to Japanese, and they have been reluctant to admit that the Imperial Army would ever be forced to engage in this form combat. So pronounced has been their dislike for the defensive that tactical problems illustrating this type of combat is extremely rare”
La Regulaciones de Combate japonesa (Sakusen Yomurei) de 1938 aún mantenía su doctrina de defensa activa basada en la concentración de efectivos para inmovilizar a las fuerzas enemigas y destruirlas posteriormente mediante una serie de fuertes contraataques. La defensa japonesa del Pacifico Sur se basaba en una serie de campos de aviación y bases navales a lo largo de la cadena de islas. La batalla de Midway, el 4 de junio de 1942, paró la expansión japonesa por el Pacifico suroeste.
Un marine examina la entrada de un bunker armado con un Colt M1911
El 7 de agosto de 1942 los Aliados comenzaron su ofensiva en el Pacifico, contra Guadalcanal y sus islas adyacentes. El poder desplegado por la fuerza de asalto desbarató los contraataques japoneses que se estrellaron contra el poder de fuego desplegado. Tras la conquista de Guadalcanal los japoneses comenzaron a reforzar sus posiciones en las islas. Las operaciones posteriores en Nueva Georgia, Bougainville y Nueva Bretaña los Aliados encontraron a los japoneses mejor y más preparados.
El asalto contra americano contra Nueva Georgia comenzó en junio de 1943 con multitud de pequeñas unidades desembarcando en la isla que debían eliminar los destacamentos japoneses que la defendían. Las fuerzas japonesas, ya desgastadas, culminaron su férrea defensa en Munda Point, defendiendo un aeródromo que ya estaba inutilizado.
Un nuevo empujón se le dio a la guerra en noviembre de 1943 cuando el Ejército y los Marines se centraron sobre las Islas Gilberts, pero las tácticas defensivas japonesas ya habían cambiado mucho desde las primeros desembarcos.
Un nuevo empujón se le dio a la guerra en noviembre de 1943 cuando el Ejército y los Marines se centraron sobre las Islas Gilberts, pero las tácticas defensivas japonesas ya habían cambiado mucho desde las primeros desembarcos.
English version
Since 1909 the Japanese military manuals talked about the importance of the offensive doctrine as a means to achieve victory. However, in the Pacific war the Japanese would deliver a series of defensive battle to keep possession of the numerous islands occupied during its period of territorial expansion.
The U.S. Army manual (Handbook on Japanese Military Forces) describes the attitude of the Japanese defense;
“The defensive from of combat generally has been distasteful to Japanese, and they have been reluctant to admit that the Imperial Army would ever be forced to engage in this form combat. So pronounced has been their dislike for the defensive that tactical problems illustrating this type of combat is extremely rare”
The Japanese Fighting Regulations (Sakusen Yomurei) of 1938 still maintained its active defense doctrine based on the concentration of troops to immobilize the enemy and destroy them later through a series of strong counterattacks. The Japanese defense of the South Pacific was based on a number of airfields and naval bases along the island chain. The Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942, stopped Japanese expansion to the Pacific Southwest.
On August 7, 1942 the Allies began their offensive in the Pacific, from Guadalcanal and its adjacent islands. The power displayed by the assault force that disrupted the Japanese counterattacks crashed firepower deployed. After the conquest of Guadalcanal the Japanese began to strengthen their positions in the islands. Subsequent operations in New Georgia, Bougainville and New Britain, the Allies found the Japanese better and more prepared.
On August 7, 1942 the Allies began their offensive in the Pacific, from Guadalcanal and its adjacent islands. The power displayed by the assault force that disrupted the Japanese counterattacks crashed firepower deployed. After the conquest of Guadalcanal the Japanese began to strengthen their positions in the islands. Subsequent operations in New Georgia, Bougainville and New Britain, the Allies found the Japanese better and more prepared.
The assault on New Georgia American began in June 1943 with many small units landed on the island that should eliminate the defending Japanese detachments. Japanese forces, and worn, their defensive culminating in Munda Point, defending an airfield that was already disabled.
A new push was given to the war in November 1943 when the Army and Marines focused on the Gilbert Islands, but Japan's defensive tactics had changed since the first landings.
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