Hawker
Hurricane Mk. I
El Hawker Hurricane fue diseñado partiendo de varios modelos
anteriores, sobre todo en el Hawker Fury. Los trabajos comenzaron en 1934 a
partir de la especificación F.36/34 para proveer un nuevo caza monomotor.
Posteriormente aparecería una nueva orden, F.5/34, para su mejora, tanto en
diseño como en el armamento. Cuando finalmente apareció en escena y comenzó su
producción en masa la vida operativa del Hurricane estaba ya casi obsoleta. Las
uniones en su estructura no estaban soldadas, como era lo habitual, si no que
eran mecánicos de menor resistencia. Uno de sus puntos fuertes era el tipo de
fuselaje (denominado Warren) que ofrecía una gran resistencia a la torsión
mejorando su control y maniobrabilidad. A pesar de este punto fuerte la
concepción de la nueva guerra aeronáutica primaba la velocidad y la potencia de
fuego sobre la maniobrabilidad, como pronto descubrirían los Zeros japoneses.
En cuanto al diseño del Hurricane
se basaba en una estructura de acero no muy resitente sobre la que se montaba
una cubierta externa de tela y lino sin tensar. A pesar de lo que pudiera
parecer en un principio esta estructura resultó ser resistente pudiendo
absorber gran cantidad de daño en combate. La explicación era sencilla, los
proyectiles simplemente perforaban la tela de recubrimiento atravesando del
aparato sin causar grandes daños. Las alas fueron reforzadas a partir de abril
de 1939 ya que estas eran simplemente dos mástiles. A esa estructura se le
añadió una protección metálica de duraluminio que era una aleación ligera de
aluminio y cobre. Esta aleación sirvió también para reforzar la cabina del
piloto. En los modelos iniciales las hélices eran bipala (Watts) construidas en
madera de paso no variable mientras que la planta motriz corría a cargo de un
Rolls Royce Merlin C de 1.025 hp de potencia. El Hawker Hurricane Mk.I contaba
con las características mencionadas anteriormente y estaba armado con 8
ametralladoras Browning M1919 de 7´7 mm con un sistema de puntería simple más
propio de la Gran Guerra.
Las primeras pruebas del prototipo confirmaron
el rendimiento previsto en las mesas de diseño y se realizó un pedido inicial
de 600 aparatos en junio de 1936. En noviembre de 1938 se hizo uno nuevo de
otros 1.000 Hurricane más. El primer avión de producción realizó su primer
vuelo en octubre de 1937 entrando en servicio en diciembre de ese mismo año con
el 111º Squadron en Northolt. Poco después se unieron
los Squadrons 3º y 56º. Al comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en septiembre
de 1939 había un total de 19 Squadrons equipados con Hawker Hurricane. Con el
aumento de la producción cuando comenzó la Batalla de Inglaterra en agosto de
1940 ese número se había incrementado hasta los 29 Squadrons.
Fuentes:
HISCOCK, M. “Hawker
Hurricane Inside and Out” The Crowood Press, 2003
BRIDGMAN, L. “The Hawker
Hurricane” Londres: Studio, 1946
JACOBS, P. “Hawker Hurricane” Crowood Press, 1998
MASON, F. “Hawker Aircraft since 1920” Putnam, 1991
English
version
The Hawker Hurricane was designed based on several
previous models, especially in
the Hawker Fury. Work began in
1934 from the F.36/34
specification to provide a new single-engined fighter. Then appear a new
order, F.5/34, for improvement,
both in design and armament. When she finally appeared on stage and began mass production of the Hurricane operating
life was almost obsolete. The joints were not
welded structure, as was usual,
but it was lower mechanical
resistance. One of its strengths was the type of fuselage (called Warren) offering a high resistance to twisting improving control
and maneuverability. Despite this
strength the conception of new
aviation war prioritized the
speed and firepower of maneuverability, and
soon discovers the Japanese Zeros.
Regarding the design of the Hurricane is based on structure not very resistant steel on which an outer shell fabric and linen mounted upstretched. Although it might seem at first, this structure proved resistant and can absorb large amount of damage in combat. The explanation was simple, just piercing shells coated fabric through the device without causing major damage. The wings were reinforced from April 1939 as these were simply two masts. A structure that was added a metal shield from duralumin that was a light aluminum alloy and copper. This alloy also reinforced the cockpit. In the initial models were two-bladed propellers (Watts) made of wood not pitch while the powerplant was provided by a Rolls Royce Merlin C of 1,025 hp. The Hawker Hurricane Mk.I had the features mentioned above and was armed with eight Browning M1919 machine guns of 7.7 mm with a system's own simple aim of the Great War.
Regarding the design of the Hurricane is based on structure not very resistant steel on which an outer shell fabric and linen mounted upstretched. Although it might seem at first, this structure proved resistant and can absorb large amount of damage in combat. The explanation was simple, just piercing shells coated fabric through the device without causing major damage. The wings were reinforced from April 1939 as these were simply two masts. A structure that was added a metal shield from duralumin that was a light aluminum alloy and copper. This alloy also reinforced the cockpit. In the initial models were two-bladed propellers (Watts) made of wood not pitch while the powerplant was provided by a Rolls Royce Merlin C of 1,025 hp. The Hawker Hurricane Mk.I had the features mentioned above and was armed with eight Browning M1919 machine guns of 7.7 mm with a system's own simple aim of the Great War.
The first tests of the prototype confirmed the expected return on the drawing boards and an initial order for 600 machines was conducted in June 1936. In November 1938 a new one was Hurricane's another 1,000. The first production aircraft made its first flight in October 1937 entering service in December of that same year with the 111th Squadron at Northolt. Shortly after the 3rd and 56th Squadrons joined. At the beginning of World War II in September 1939 there were a total of 19 Squadrons equipped with Hawker Hurricane. With the increase in production when the Battle of Britain began in August 1940 that number had increased to 29 Squadrons.
Sources:
HISCOCK, M. “Hawker
Hurricane Inside and Out” The Crowood Press, 2003
BRIDGMAN, L. “The Hawker
Hurricane” Londres: Studio, 1946
JACOBS, P. “Hawker Hurricane” Crowood Press, 1998
MASON, F. “Hawker Aircraft since 1920” Putnam, 1991
Hi there.
ResponderEliminarGreat story, thank you.
Finland had a 12pcs - 1pc Hurricane MK-I airplanes
The Soviet Union after 1940 the 2500 hurricane MK-II, + about 700kpl a newer version.
Hurricane was very sensitive ignition by fire the cab.
Reason engine and the cab between the fuel tank.
When you got hit by a hurricane, burning fuel began to flow into the cab
The result was a lot of so-called. hurricane rash.
The English also trained the soviet pilots 1940-1942 in the Leningrad region
Hurricane and Airacobra were the most common machines Finnish front, 1941-1943. These were met by Brewster, Fiat G-50 and Curtiss Hawk.
Soviet Airacobra until the end of the war.